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    Structural Analysis Theory & Formulae
    Structural Analsyis Codes
    Loads References





    On-line:

    Structural Analysis Theory & Formulae

    The references listed in this section are a compilation of engineering texts which are useful to the structural analyst. The list has been limited to classic texts in specialized areas and commonly used references which contain closed form solutions for various types of analyses. Each entry in the list includes the reference, a brief description of the contents and the person in EAB who owns or holds the text.

    Structural Analysis Theory & Formulae ReferencesDescriptionOwner
    Abramowitz, M. ed. Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1968.Solutions to classes of equations, integral tables.Hunter
    Avallone, Eugene A., ed and Baumeister, Theodore, III ed. Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.Everything (except what you need).
    Beyer, William H. Ph.D., ed. CRC Standard Mathematical Tables. 28th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc., 1987.Math formulas.Dellinger
    Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design, by A. Blake
    Blevins, R. D., Ph.D. Formulas for Natural Frequency and Mode Shapes. New York: Van Nostrand Reinheld Company, 1979.Closed form frequency and mode shapes.Davis
    Brauer, J. R., ed. What Every Engineer Should Know About Finite Element Analysis. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1988. Finite element method principles.Lindell
    Bruhn, E. F. Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures. Jacobs Publishing, Inc., 1973.Aircraft design and analysis. Load and stress analysis techniques.Lindell, Davis
    Cooke, Robert D., et al. Concepts and Applications of Finite-Element Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989.Classic finite element method theory.Dellinger, Marlowe
    Dowell, Earl H., ed. A Modern Course in Aeroelasticity, 2nd ed. Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic, 1998.Aeroelasticity.Dellinger
    Ewins, D. J. Modal Testing: Theory and Practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1991.Modal testing theory.Marlowe
    Flugge, W. ed. Handbook of Engineering Mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.Theory and equations for all types of engineering mechanics.Hunter
    Gerald C. F. Applied Numerical Analysis, 4th ed. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1989. Schemes for root finding, etc.Marlowe
    Greenwood, D. T. Principle of Dynamics. Englewood-Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.Rigid-body dynamics.Lindell
    Harris, C. M. Shock & Vibration Handbook. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988. Shock & vibration.EAB (Hallway)
    Hellan, Kare. Introduction to Fracture Mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.Fracture mechanics. Criteria and static analysis/dynamic crack growth/fatigue.Hunter
    Hoerner, S. F. Fluid-Dynamic Drag. Great Britain: Hoerner Fluid Dynamics, 1965.Practical data on drag loads for various bodies.Marlowe
    Hoerner, S. F. and Borst, H. V. Fluid-Dynamic Lift. Great Britain: Hoerner Fluid Dynamics, 1975.Practical data on lift loads for various bodies.Marlowe
    Jones, Robert M. Mechanics of Composite Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.Basic lamination theory.Amundsen
    Niu, Michael C. Y. Composite Airframe Structures: Practical Design Information and Data. Hong Kong: Conmilit Press, 1992.Composite design practices.Dellinger, Lindell
    Niu, Michael C. Y. Airframe Structural Design. Hong Kong: Conmilit Press, 1991.Airframe structural analysis.Shearer
    Peery, David. J., Ph.D., and Azar, J. N. Aircraft Structures. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.Aircraft structures.Sherrill
    Peterson, R. E. Stress Concentration Factors. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1974.Stress concentration factors for holes and fillets.Davis
    Roark, R. J., Formulas for Stress and StrainClosed form methods for simple plate, beam, buckling, deformation, pressure vessels, you-name-itMarlowe
    Timoshenko, S. P., and Woinowsky-Krieger, S. Theory of Plates & Shells. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.Classic theory of plates & shells.
    Timoshenko, S. P., and Goodner, J. N. Theory of Elasticity. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.Classic theory of elasticity.Marlowe

    Computer Codes

    References listed in this section are all computer codes commonly used by structural analysts. The platform (i.e., personal computer, workstation, VAX or CRAY supercomputers) on which each of these codes is available is also listed.

    Computer Code ReferencesDescription
    Bushnell, W. D., Lockheed Missiles & Space Company. BOSOR4: Program for Stress, Buckling, and Vibration of Complex Shells of Revolution. Palo Alto, California: 1975.Analysis of shells of revolution. (Workstations)
    Cray Research, Inc. CF77 Compiling System, Volume 1: FORTRAN Reference Manual SR-3071 5.0. 1991.FORTRAN Reference Manual. (PC, workstations, VAX, and CRAY supercomputers)
    Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc. ABAQUS Version 5.2 / Standard User's Manuals, Volumes I & II. Providence, Rhode Island: HKS, 1992.Manuals for P3/FEA general purpose structural analysis software. (Workstations)
    Lockheed Engineering & Sciences Company. Structural Analysis of General Shells (STAGS) Working Manual. Hampton, Virginia: June, 1993.General and non-linear analysis of general shells. (Workstations)
    MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation. MSC/NASTRAN Quick Reference Guide Version 67. Los Angeles, California: MSC, 1993.General purpose structural analysis software. (Workstations and supercomputers)
    NASA JSC Fracture Control Analytical Methodology Panel, Lockheed Engineering & Sciences Company. Fatigue Crack Growth Computer Program "NASA/FLAGRO" Version 2.0 - JSC-22267A. Houston, Texas: March, 1992Software for predicting fatigue life for various materials. (Personal computer and VAX)
    Ogonowski, J. M. Effect of Variances and Manufacturing Tolerances on the Design Strength and Life of Mechanically Fastened Composite Joints, Volume 3 - Bolted Joint Stress Field Model (BJSFM) Computer Program User's Manual. McDonnell Aircraft Company / McDonnell Douglas Corporation. April, 1981.Stress analysis of bolted joint through composite panels. (FORTRAN program which can be compiled on personal computers, workstations, VAX or supercomputers)
    PDA Engineering. P3/PATRAN User's Manual. Costa Mesa, California: June, 1992.User's Guide for PATRAN 3 finite element analysis pre-/post-processor. (Workstations)
    Structural Research and Analysis Corporation. COSMOS/M Version 1.65 User's Guide, Volumes I & II. Santa Monica, California: July, 1991.General purpose structural analysis: requires key (Marlowe, 128G) in parallel port. (Personal computer)

    Loads

    The following documents cover issues related to design loads, safety, model verification, and testing requirements for aircraft hardware and payloads, wind-tunnel hardware, and spacecraft payloads. Each document may have further references contained within which may be applicable. Note that documents dictating loads, factors-of-safety and testing requirements are typically project specific; the references listed in this section are typical of this class of documents.

    Loads ReferencesDescription
    American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Rules for the Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 1 or Division 2. New York: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.National standard for pressure vessel design, analysis, fabrication, and testing.
    NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Payload Flight Equipment Requirements for Safety-Critical Structures. JA-418, Revision A, August 1989.Design, analysis, and testing requirements for payloads using any MSFC hardware.
    NASA Headquarters. NASA Safety Standard for Lifting Devices and Equipment, NSS/GO 1740.9.Safety factors and requirements for ground support equipment.
    NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Fracture Control Requirements for Payloads Using the National Space Transportation System (NSTS). NHB 8071.1, September 1, 1988.Fracture control requirements for space shuttle payloads.
    NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Payload Verification Requirements. NSTS 14046, Revision B, March 1989.Static and dynamic modeling and testing requirements for space shuttle payloads.
    NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Shuttle Orbiter/Cargo Standard Interfaces. ICD 2-19001, Revision J, May 1, 1988.Generic space shuttle payload load information (transient, random, acoustic) for use before mission-specific loads are developed. Not as conservative as JSC-20545.
    NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Simplified Design Operations for STS Payloads. JSC-20545, Revision A, April 1988.Conservative preliminary space shuttle payload design loads intended to envelope typical coupled loads data.
    NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Safety Policy and Requirements for Payloads Using the Space Transportation System. NSTS 1700.7B, January 1989.Safety requirements for space shuttle payloads.
    NASA Langley Research Center. Systems Engineering Division Bolted Joint Handbook. EHB-2, November 1990.Behavior, stiffness, torque, preload, classification, and design requirements for joints and fasteners.
    NASA Langley Research Center. Flight Research Program Management. LHB 7910.1, September 1987.Design, analysis, load, and safety requirements for all LaRC aircraft flight research projects. Further information on civil and military aircraft is in Federal Aviation Requirements (FAR), Vol. III, and Military Specification MIL-A-8860 (ASG) Series (in FSED on VSMF).
    NASA Langley Research Center. General Environmental Verification Guidelines for STS and ELV Payloads, Subsystems, and Components Revision A. July 1992.Structural verification guidelines and requirements (vibration, modal, structural) for space payloads.
    NASA Langley Research Center. Safety Regulations Covering Pressurized Systems. LHB 1710.40, November 1988.Minimum safety requirements and standards for pressurized systems designed and built by or for LaRC.
    NASA Langley Research Center. Wind-Tunnel Model Systems Criteria. LHB 1710.15, May 1992.Design and analysis requirements for wind-tunnel model hardware.

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    Site last reviewed: January 5, 2004
    Responsible NASA Official & Site Curator: Drew Hope, Head, Mechanical Design Branch, Systems Engineering Competency, d.j.hope@larc.nasa.gov, (757) 864-7278
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